Procaine base, also known as procaine, as a local anesthetic, may produce a variety of adverse reactions in clinical use. These adverse reactions mainly include the following aspects:
First, central nervous system response
1. Central nervous system inhibition: Procaine affects the function of the brain and spinal cord by blocking nerve conduction, which may lead to serious consequences such as loss of consciousness, coma, and even life-threatening safety.
2. Muscle tremor: Procaine has a toxic effect on motor neurons, which may cause local convulsions or spasms, further aggravating the symptoms of discomfort.
Second, cardiovascular system response
1. Slow heart rate: Procaine may act directly on the heart or cause a slow heart rate through a nerve reflex pathway. Severe slow heart rate may lead to insufficient blood supply to the brain, dizziness, syncope and other symptoms.
2. Drop in blood pressure: Procaine has the effect of dilating blood vessels, resulting in reduced peripheral resistance, which triggers a drop in blood pressure. A drop in blood pressure may cause dizziness, nausea and vomiting, and in severe cases may lead to injuries from falls.
3. Cardiovascular inhibition: Procaine can weaken myocardial contractility, slow heart rate, lower blood pressure, and even lead to arrhythmia and cardiac arrest.
Third, respiratory system response
When the amount of procaine is too large or quickly injected into the blood vessel, it may cause breathing difficulties, and can lead to respiratory paralysis and coma in severe cases.
Fourth, allergic reactions
1. Skin reactions: Allergic skin reactions include erythema, itching, rash, urticaria and edema, and occasionally cardiovascular shock or failure.
2. Severe allergic symptoms: urticaria, dyspnea and other severe allergic symptoms may occur, requiring urgent treatment to prevent anaphylactic shock.
Fifth, other adverse reactions
1. Digestive system reaction: The drug may cause certain irritation to the digestive system, leading to nausea, vomiting and other symptoms. Long-term use may also cause gastrointestinal discomfort, such as diarrhea.
2. Other reactions of the nervous system: When high concentration is mistakenly injected into the blood vessels, it can cause restlessness, floating sensation, dizziness, confusion, paresthesia around the mouth, tinnitus, and facial and distal limb tremor; Tonic-clonic convulsions may follow.
3. Other systemic reactions: Long-term use of procaine may also cause discomfort in the liver area, and the use of large doses of the drug will affect the liver function of patients, causing pain in the liver area. In addition, it may also cause abdominal pain, joint pain, skin damage and so on.
In summary, adverse reactions to procaine involve multiple systems and may vary from individual to individual. When using procaine, the indications and contraindications should be strictly mastered, the patient's reaction should be closely observed, and any abnormality should be handled in time. At the same time, procaine is no longer commonly used, and it is gradually replaced by some new local anesthetics.